Algengar spurningar

Efna3LT05

Prerequisite: EFNA2AE05

The course is designed to analyse chemical energy. Students study endothermic and exothermic reactions, calorimetry, thermochemical reactions, enthalpy of reaction, and writing of thermo-chemical reactions. Students also study quantum mechanics, e.g. quantum numbers, atomic orbitals and electron configuration as well as Hund‘s rule. Furthermore, students study periodic properties and trends, chemical bonding, valence electrons, Lewis structures, the octet rule, and the resonance theory. There is also emphasis is placed on molecular geometry (VSEPR), electronegativity, dipole moment, and hybridization of atomic orbitals. Other topics include intermolecular forces, properties of liquids and solids. Students also study properties of solutions, concentration units, colligative properties of solutions and bond polarity and polar/nonpolar molecules. There is also an introduction to liquids and solids, i.e. ionic compounds, metals, melting point, boiling point of substances, hydrogen bonds, van der Waals bonds, surface tension, and viscosity of liquids, the properties of water, solids (ionic, molecular, covalent and metallic crystals, macromolecules and amorphous substances), phase changes, phase diagrams.

Laboratory component:

  1. Energy content of foods (calorimetry). Objectives: Determine the energy released from various foods (peanuts, marshmallows, popcorn) as they burn using Vernier data collection equipment. Look for patterns in the amounts of energy released during burning of different foods.
  2. Effect of temperature on the solubility of a salt (KNO3). Objectives: Study the effect of changing temperature on the amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of water using Vernier data collection equipment. Plot a solubility curve.
  3. Determination of molecular weight using freezing point depression. Objectives: Determine the freezing temperature of pure lauric acid using Vernier data collection equipment. Determine the freezing temperature of a solution of benzoic acid and lauric acid. Examine the freezing curves for each. Calculate the experimental molecular weight of benzoic acid. Compare it to the accepted molecular weight for benzoic acid.